HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTANTS ON CYPRINUS CARPIO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/eijbps.v5i1.66Keywords:
Environmental toxicology, Freshwater ecosystems, Histopathological analysis, Lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity, Pesticide pollutionAbstract
Ecological environments, as well as human populations, are greatly affected by water pollution, which is a widespread environmental issue. The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is often utilized as a sentinel species to assess the impacts of aquatic pollutants. In this study, the impacts of water pollutants, especially lambda-cyhalothrin, on tissue structures of Cyprinus carpio, specifically the gills, liver, kidneys, and intestines, are investigated. In a controlled 30-day laboratory exposure study involving two groups, namely one treated with contaminated water of the Narmada River located near Bhopal, India, and another kept in pristine water, after the period of exposure, histopathological techniques were used to analyze tissue-level changes and organ injuries. The treated group had major pathological changes of necrosis, epithelial hyperplasia, and cellular degeneration, where the maximum injury was noted to be in the gills. The liver, kidneys, and intestines of the exposed fish also exhibited major structural abnormalities from the control group. These observations highlight the adverse effect of pesticide contamination on the health of fish and underscore the utility of histopathology as a diagnostic technique in aquatic toxicology. The research provides valuable information on lambda-cyhalothrin's sublethal impacts, and it supports stronger water quality monitoring and pollution control measures to protect aquatic biodiversity for generations to come.
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